Gold Hub · Data & sources

The data this Hub holds, and the sources it reads.

Two bodies of data, on one page, kept apart on purpose. The first is what the Hub has gathered and holds itself: mine sites, concessions, sanctions listings and refiners, each entry carrying its coverage, its producer and the terms it comes under. The second is the market data, ASM research and illicit-flows studies published by others that the Hub reads and points to.

Each dataset holds more than is shown here. The sample on every card is illustrative, not a real record.

Showing 15 of 15 datasets
EITI (Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative) country reportsArranged

EITI ASM country reports

Structured facts, stakeholders, events and sites extracted from EITI country reports carrying artisanal and small-scale mining content: four countries read in depth from their own primary report, four read lighter-touch from secondary EITI pages.

Scope Ghana, Mongolia, Tanzania and DR Congo read in depth from primary reports (2019-2023); Mali, Burkina Faso, Colombia and Sierra Leone read lighter-touch from secondary pages, with no production figures for the last two.

Sample entries

An example, not a real entry.

Country
placeholder country
Fact type
production figure
Read depth
deep (primary report)
Records by country
Ghana19 records
Tanzania18 records
Mongolia15 records
DR Congo13 records
Mali8 records
Burkina Faso8 records
Sierra Leone2 records
Colombia1 record
Original source

Tier B: EITI’s own footer clause permits reuse with attribution, a direct link online or "EITI International Secretariat, eiti.org" in print.

Cross-cutting synthesis over IGF, World Bank, GEF/planetGOLD and IPIS materialArranged

Gold expansion crawl event extraction

A curated extraction of dated events (institutional milestones, programme launches, report publications) drawn from material this hub already holds, each checked against the existing Spine event store to avoid duplicates.

Scope 28 new events, net of the existing 48-row Spine event store, each source-cited back to its origin document.

Sample entries

An example, not a real entry.

Event type
programme milestone
Date
2026-Q2
Grade
observation-grade
Events by source cluster
IGF14 events
planetGOLD, country concept-stage6 events
World Bank4 events
planetGOLD, programme-level2 events
planetGOLD, named Peru site2 events
Original source

Inherits each underlying source’s own licence; this synthesis carries none of its own. See the IGF, World Bank, GEF/planetGOLD and IPIS entries individually.

IPIS (International Peace Information Service)Arranged

ASM gold sites in the Central African Republic (IPIS)

The complete gold-flagged subset of IPIS’s public Central African Republic artisanal mining open-data set: site records with workforce and child-labour counts, site-level actors, and conflict/roadblock fields.

Scope 715 of 914 total Central African Republic sites, gold-flagged, across 7 prefectures.

Sample entries

An example, not a real entry.

Site name
site A-142
Coordinates
lat/long pair
Workforce estimate
40-60 workers
Armed-actor presence
none reported
Sites by data completeness
With coordinates715 sites
With a named actor192 sites
Original source

Tier A: Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC-BY) 1.0, attribution to IPIS required on every use.

IPIS (International Peace Information Service)Arranged

The gold-hub partial extraction of IPIS DR Congo open data

A partial, gold-flagged extraction of IPIS’s public DR Congo artisanal mining open-data set: site records for Nord-Kivu and Sud-Kivu, plus destination-market and armed-group-actor records for Ituri.

Scope 21 gold-flagged sites (15 Nord-Kivu/Sud-Kivu, 6 Ituri) of a reported 282 total rows. The fuller, conformed IPIS DR Congo dataset lives on asm-hub, not here.

Sample entries

An example, not a real entry.

Site name
site B-07
Territory
Sud-Kivu
Coordinates
lat/long pair
Records by category
Sites21 records
Destination markets3 records
Armed-group actors2 records
Original source

Tier A: Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC-BY) 1.0, attribution to IPIS required on every use.

Amazon Conservation (MAAP)Arranged

MAAP (Monitoring of the Andean Amazon Project)

Named mining zones and rivers, dated deforestation and mining events, stakeholders, and MAAP’s own stated methodology, extracted from MAAP’s numbered report series on gold-mining deforestation across the Andean Amazon.

Scope Peru’s Mining Corridor read in depth (4 reports), plus one representative report each for Colombia and Ecuador, and two cross-Amazon reports covering Bolivia.

Sample entries

An example, not a real entry.

Zone name
zone C-19
Country
placeholder country
Area affected
1,200 ha cumulative
Named zones by grade
Subject-grade (named + position)37 zones
Observation-grade (area/region only)3 zones
Original source

Restricted reuseRestrictive: Amazon Conservation’s own terms permit personal, non-commercial viewing only. No register tier ratified yet; treated as unresolved pending the hub’s own ratification pass.

OpenAIREArranged

ASGM research metadata from the OpenAIRE Graph

A first slice of OpenAIRE Graph research-product metadata (title, authors, date, publisher, subjects, DOI, link) matching artisanal and small-scale gold mining research. Metadata only, never full text.

Scope 300 records, a relevance-sorted first slice of 1,709 total matches for the underlying query.

Sample entries

An example, not a real entry.

Publication type
journal article
Year
2023
Has DOI
yes
Records by type
Publications285 records
Other9 records
Datasets5 records
Software1 record
Original source

Tier A, CC-BY: records may be freely reused, commercially and non-commercially, as long as OpenAIRE is acknowledged as the data source.

The World Bank, co-branded with Delve / Delve Exchange / EGPSArranged

Orbit institutions in the World Bank ASM corpus

Institutional and programme-grade facts from the World Bank’s public artisanal and small-scale mining framework brief: the two-pillar Legitimacy/Professionalization framework, named institutions and programmes, and sector statistics. No named countries or mine sites.

Scope A global framework document (September 2024), not a per-country annex.

Sample entries

An example, not a real entry.

Institution
placeholder institution
Role
implementing partner
Facts by category
Named institutions7 facts
Named programmes4 facts
Original source

Not independently verified: publicly linked with no explicit reuse restriction encountered, but no rights-and-permissions page was independently checked. Flagged, not assumed cleared.

INGEMMET (Instituto Geológico, Minero y Metalúrgico, Peru)Arranged

Madre de Dios mining concessions from Peru INGEMMET GEOCATMIN

Named and positioned mining-concession records for Madre de Dios department, Peru’s dominant alluvial small-scale gold belt, pulled from INGEMMET’s own GEOCATMIN structured feature service.

Scope Madre de Dios department only: 2,787 of 66,274 national concession records.

Sample entries

An example, not a real entry.

Concession name
concession D-231
Status
TITULADO
District
placeholder district
Concessions by status
BLOQUEADO (contested)1,430 concessions
TITULADO (granted)1,042 concessions
TRAMITE (pending)209 concessions
OTROS (other)71 concessions
EXTINGUIDO (lapsed)35 concessions
Original source

Tier A: INGEMMET’s published GEOCATMIN licence authorises derivative works and reuse on condition INGEMMET is cited as the original source.

planetGOLD (GEF/UNEP-led programme)Arranged

planetGOLD Africa country-report intake

Named mine sites, stakeholders and dated project events extracted from planetGOLD’s own country pages for its African implementation countries.

Scope 14 African implementation countries. Tanzania was confirmed to have no live planetGOLD project; its gold-ASM data comes from the separate Tanzania OMCTP intake instead.

Sample entries

An example, not a real entry.

Site name
site E-04
Country
placeholder country
Grade
subject-grade
Named sites by grade
Subject-grade (named + position)55 sites
Observation-grade (aggregate)3 sites
Original source

Not independently verified this round: public, no authentication, but no reuse or redistribution licence has been read and stated. Flagged, not assumed cleared.

planetGOLD (GEF/UNEP-led programme)Arranged

planetGOLD Asia country-page intake

Named mine locations, stakeholders and dated project events extracted from planetGOLD’s own country pages for Mongolia, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Scope Three countries, one country-landing page each.

Sample entries

An example, not a real entry.

Site name
site F-11
Country
placeholder country
Granularity
district
Named sites by country
Mongolia7 sites
Indonesia5 sites
Philippines2 sites
Original source

Not independently verified this round: public, no authentication, but no reuse or redistribution licence has been read and stated. Flagged, not assumed cleared.

planetGOLD (GEF/UNEP-led programme)Arranged

planetGOLD Latin America named-site intake, round 1

Named, positioned small-scale mine sites and areas extracted from planetGOLD’s own Peru and Colombia country pages, fired to answer the need for identified locations, not just coordinates.

Scope Peru and Colombia only, from the already-crawled planetGOLD corpus; all 14 records subject-grade.

Sample entries

An example, not a real entry.

Site/area name
site G-02
Country
Peru
Granularity
municipality
Named sites by country
Colombia10 sites
Peru4 sites
Original source

Not independently verified this round: public, no authentication, but no reuse or redistribution licence has been read and stated. Flagged, not assumed cleared.

planetGOLD (GEF/UNEP-led programme)Arranged

planetGOLD Latin America country-page intake, remaining countries

Named locations, stakeholders and dated events extracted from planetGOLD’s own country pages for the Latin American and Caribbean countries outside the round-1 named-sites leg.

Scope Eight countries: Guyana, Ecuador, Bolivia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Suriname, Paraguay, Costa Rica.

Sample entries

An example, not a real entry.

Location name
location H-08
Country
placeholder country
Grade
subject-grade
Named locations by grade
Subject-grade (named + position)29 locations
Observation-grade (aggregate)4 locations
Original source

Not independently verified this round: public, no authentication, but no reuse or redistribution licence has been read and stated. Flagged, not assumed cleared.

LBMA, RJC, ICGLR, Ghana GoldBod, Tanzania TAMIDAArranged

Refiners and traders from a public register sweep

Named refiners, traders/exporters and regulatory bodies of the gold supply chain, drawn from open public registers, plus dated accreditation and delisting events.

Scope Global supply-chain entities, weighted toward the LBMA Good Delivery list, RJC certification, ICGLR-linked Great Lakes exporters, and Ghana/Tanzania national registers.

Sample entries

An example, not a real entry.

Entity type
refiner
Register
LBMA
Confidence tier
tier1
Entities by type
Refiners21 entities
Traders/exporters8 entities
Regulatory bodies2 entities
Original source

Not independently verified this round: no reuse licence text was read for LBMA, RJC, ICGLR, GoldBod or TAMIDA content. Flagged for the legal gate before any bulk ingest.

OFAC (US Treasury), OFSI (UK Treasury), DG FISMA (European Commission), DHS/FLETFArranged

Gold-trade-relevant entities on sanctions lists

Gold-trade-relevant designated entities and dated designation events, curated from four government sanctions and forced-labor lists.

Scope OFAC SDN, UK Sanctions List, EU Consolidated Financial Sanctions List, UFLPA Entity List.

Sample entries

An example, not a real entry.

List of origin
OFAC SDN
Designation date
2024-03
Grade
subject-grade
Records by list
EU90 records
UK36 records
OFAC33 records
UFLPA13 records
Original source

Tier A across all four sources (US/UK/EU public-domain or open-licence basis); attribution required for the UK (OGL v3.0) and EU (CC BY 4.0) lists.

Tanzania’s Mining Commission (Tume ya Madini), corroborated via STAMICOArranged

Tanzania OMCTP / 36 demarcated ASM zones

A structured extraction of Tanzania’s Online Mining Cadastre Transactional Portal identity, its Primary Mining Licence structure, and the 36 demarcated artisanal mining zones as an aggregate, institutional figure. No individual zone is named.

Scope Tanzania nationally. The primary portal itself was unreachable this round, so facts were triangulated via STAMICO and independent secondary sources.

Sample entries

An example, not a real entry.

Licence type
Primary Mining Licence
Status
active
Reference year
2017
Primary Mining Licences, 2017 figure
Issued4,737 licences
Cancelled (2017 audit)2,153 licences
Active626 licences
Original source

Not independently verified this round: the primary government portal was unreachable, and each corroborating secondary source carries its own separate terms, none read for reuse this round.

Read, not landed

Market data, ASM research, illicit-flows studies and transparency disclosures.

These are published elsewhere and read by the Hub, not gathered by it. Edition-based sources carry their current edition, reference year and cadence, so a stale edition reads as stale.

Two locked corrections apply across this section: the widely cited ~45M ASM jobs figure covers all minerals, never gold alone, and the "ASM is about 20% of mined gold" share traces to a single 2017 origin, re-cited since.

Showing 9 of 9 sources
Market dataActive

WGC Goldhub

World Gold Council·Edition / date Gold Demand Trends · quarterly

The World Gold Council’s data portal: demand and supply series, central-bank reserves and monthly purchases, ETF flows and the Qaurum tool. Per WGC/Metals Focus, FY2025 was the first 5,000+ t year including OTC (US$555bn, 53 price records); Q1 2026 reached 1,231 t, a record US$193bn.

Per WGC/Metals Focus; the WGC’s own estimates, treated as the industry standard.

Single sourceChecked Jul 2026
Market dataActive

LBMA data

LBMA·Edition / date CoO: 2023 data · annual · next expected 2026

LBMA market datasets: the LBMA Gold Price (IBA-administered), monthly vault holdings (end-May 2026: 9,392 t of gold, about US$1.4tn), clearing statistics, LBMA-i trade data via Nasdaq, and annual aggregate country-of-origin data (latest published: 2023 data in the 2025 report).

CorroboratedChecked Jul 2026
ASM dataActive

Delve

World Bank + Pact·Edition / date State of the ASM Sector: 2023 edition · irregular cadence

The global ASM data platform: country profiles and the State of the ASM Sector reports (2019, 2020, 2023). Delve is the lineage of the widely cited ~45M ASM jobs figure, which covers all minerals, not gold alone.

Well corroboratedChecked Jul 2026
ASM dataActive

IPIS eastern DRC maps

IPIS·Edition / date since 2009

Artisanal mine-site mapping in eastern DRC since 2009, gold-dominant, with armed-interference and taxation data on an open-data dashboard. In December 2025 IPIS mapped ASM inside the Kibali concession (~5,500 miners).

Well corroboratedChecked Jul 2026
Illicit-flows researchActive

Swissaid gold-flows research

Swissaid·Edition / date 2024 flagship · 2025 African Gold Report

Swissaid’s 2024 flagship estimates 321-474 t/yr of undeclared African ASM gold and 435 t smuggled out of Africa in 2022 (about US$30.7bn), 80-85% of it to the UAE. The May 2025 African Gold Report covers Sudan-UAE routes (29 t direct in 2024), with country pages at africangoldreport.org. A separate Swissaid analysis found Switzerland imported 316 t of gold (about CHF 27bn) from the UAE alone in the first nine months of 2025, more than double usual annual volumes (Swissaid; this is UAE-origin, not total Swiss imports).

Single producer, modelled from trade-gap analysis; widely method-checked.

CorroboratedChecked Jul 2026
Illicit-flows researchActive

GI-TOC Gold Watch

Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime·Edition / date ~6-8 week cadence

An observatory line on illicit gold. "Commodity, currency, crime" (2026-06-08) frames illicit gold as a conflict-finance backbone, with Sudan, the Sahel and the DRC among the highest-risk settings, and calls for mandatory due diligence.

CorroboratedChecked Jul 2026
Transparency dataActive

EITI gold disclosures

EITI

Gold-relevant transparency reporting in Ghana, Senegal, Mali (2024 report published 2026-03-25), Niger and Cameroon, where 269 kg of SONAMINES gold went unaccounted for in 2023 data and a presidential commission followed in February 2026. Caveat: the top five producers (China, Russia, Australia, Canada, US) do not implement EITI.

Well corroboratedChecked Jul 2026
World Gold Council·Edition / date 2026 edition · published 2026-06-16

A record 76 central banks surveyed between 2026-02-05 and 2026-05-19: 89% expect global gold reserves to rise, and a record 45% expect their own to rise. Published 16 June 2026.

Well corroboratedChecked Jul 2026
Chatham House·Edition / date 2025

A March 2025 research report on the wartime gold-trade ecosystem in Sudan, identifying the UAE as the principal outlet.

Single sourceChecked Jul 2026