The key reports, investigations, studies and standards on responsible gold, grouped by type and linked to the source document. Filter by type, search by title or author.
Report on illicit ASGM gold and conflict finance, published 18 November 2024. Its headline number is Swissaid’s 435 t (about US$30.7bn) smuggled out of Africa in 2022; a much larger smuggling figure widely attributed to this report does not appear in it.
Flagship trade-gap study: 321-474 t/yr of undeclared African ASM gold, 435 t smuggled out in 2022 (about US$30.7bn), 80-85% of it to the UAE.
Rolling country pages published from May 2025; documents Sudan-UAE routes, including 29 t direct in 2024.
Published 8 June 2026: frames illicit gold as a conflict-finance backbone, with Sudan, the Sahel and the DRC among the highest-risk settings, and calls for mandatory due diligence.
March 2025 analysis of the wartime gold-trade ecosystem in Sudan, with the UAE as principal outlet.
The gold supplement to the Due Diligence Guidance (3rd edition, 2016): the global baseline, binding only where a regulator or market standard hard-wires it.
The latest edition of the sector-wide ASM report series (2019, 2020, 2023), on an irregular cadence.
Published 17 June 2026 by LBMA’s ASM Initiative, which pairs the Toolkit v6 progressive-improvement approach with country work in Peru, Ghana, the Philippines and Colombia.
Carries the latest published aggregate country-of-origin data (2023 data), on an annual cadence.
Published 21 April 2026: 5,335 kg exported in 2025, 27 Step 2/3 mines, 11 in Step 1, 10 mines suspended, and the USD 1.35/g premium structure (per SBG, unaudited).
Published 16 June 2026: a record 76 central banks surveyed; 89% expect global gold reserves to rise, a record 45% their own.
Lessons from the 2012-2020 DRC pilot that built the first traceable conflict-free artisanal gold chain from eastern DRC; it concluded there is "no viable future" without major market shifts.