A comparative reading of gold-chain jurisdictions: each governance indicator carries a framework-in-place status, source-linked and dated. The hub never averages them into a country grade.
Most of these facts already live in the hub, organised by instrument or scheme. This layer assembles the same facts per country so jurisdictions can be read side by side. Each cell states a framework-in-place status for one indicator. Where an indicator is not yet sourced to the corroboration bar this build, the cell shows a gap.
No composite score by design. Each cell is a framework-in-place status for one indicator, source-linked and dated. The hub never averages them into a country grade or league position.
| Jurisdiction | FATF rating (DNFBP recommendations) | Mandatory responsible-sourcing rules (OECD-aligned) | Rules applied to traders, not only refiners (OECD steps 4-5) | Jewellers / DPMS as AML reporting entities | Cash-intensiveness of the sector | ASGM flows recognised / handled | Recycled-gold flows and rules | Hand-carried gold reporting + certificate-of-origin rules | Import/export licensing regime (commercial) | Consumer-protection frameworks | Refinery / smelter accreditations and licensing | CAHRA status and known transit points | AML enforcement action (actual, not just rules) | STR / SAR guidance with gold-specific red flags | Beneficial-ownership & management-control disclosure | Banking / formal-finance participation permitted | Physical-gold tax guidance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DR CongoProducer · Transit | In force DR Congo has been on the FATF grey list (increased monitoring) since October 2022 and remained listed at the June 2026 plenary. Its action plan includes designating supervisory authorities for all DNFBP sectors, which covers dealers in precious metals and stones; FATF made an initial determination in June 2026 that the plan is substantially complete, pending an on-site assessment. Checked 2026-07Source | In force No standalone national OECD-mandate; the ICGLR Regional Certification Mechanism (RCM Manual 2nd ed., 2024) covers 3TG including gold, and DRC is among the states reported issuing certificates. Checked 2026-07Source | Not yet sourced | In force DRC law designates dealers in high-value goods including gold and precious stones as reporting entities required to file suspicious-transaction reports to CENAREF, the national financial-intelligence unit (organised by décret n°08/20 of 2008; underlying AML law loi n°04/016 of 2004). Checked 2026-07Source | Not yet sourced | Context ASGM is a large share of DRC gold output. Formalisation channels include the state-linked buying and export channel now named DRC Gold Trade (see actor record) and programmes such as PeaceGold in Ituri. Checked 2026-07 | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | In force Legal ASM gold export requires a licensed comptoir (agrément), a CEEC certificate of origin, and an ICGLR Regional Certification Mechanism certificate for validated mines, with SAEMAPE oversight; export levies run about 3.5 to 5 percent plus a SAEMAPE fee. Enforcement and traceability are documented as weak in practice (US Africa Gold Advisory, 2023). Checked 2026-07Source | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Context Eastern provinces are widely treated as conflict-affected and high-risk. OFAC designated Rwanda’s Gasabo Gold Refinery on 2026-06-25 over M23-controlled DRC gold. A DRC mines-ministry estimate of about 60 t/yr smuggled via Uganda, Rwanda and the UAE is single-source and contested. Checked 2026-07Source | In force Documented enforcement touching DRC-origin gold is largely extraterritorial: OFAC designations (Gasabo Gold Refinery, 2026-06-25; precedent Alain Goetz / African Gold Refinery, 2022) rather than domestic prosecutions. Checked 2026-07Source | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced |
| United Arab EmiratesDestination · Refining · Transit | Context The UAE exited the FATF grey list in February 2024 following AML reforms. This is a whole-of-jurisdiction status; a DNFBP-recommendation-specific rating is not separately captured here. Checked 2026-07Source | In force Ministry of Economy due-diligence regulations (version 1, August 2022); Ministerial Decree 68/2024 extends OECD steps 1-3 to broader gold-chain entities, with annual third-party audits filed with the ministry. Checked 2026-07Source | In force Ministerial Decree 68/2024 reaches beyond refiners to broader gold-chain entities, but applies OECD steps 1-3; extension to the trader-facing steps 4-5 is not established here. Checked 2026-07Source | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Context Per Swissaid (2024), 80 to 85 percent of undeclared African ASM gold lands in the UAE market, making it the principal destination node in documented smuggling routes. Checked 2026-07Source | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced |
| GhanaProducer | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Context ASM gold is channelled through the GoldBod monopsony; a blockchain track-and-trace procurement was announced in November 2025 for end-2026 (vendor not yet awarded). Checked 2026-07Source | Not yet sourced | Draft / consultation A GoldBod blockchain track-and-trace procurement (announced November 2025, targeted end-2026) would add origin traceability, but no vendor has been awarded and no rule is yet in force. Checked 2026-07Source | In force Ghana Gold Board Act 2025 (Act 1140, adopted 2025-04-02): GoldBod is the sole buyer, assayer, exporter and regulator of ASM gold, with a licence registry online. Checked 2026-07Source | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced | Not yet sourced |
These trade-flow indicators need a mirror-statistics reconciliation method heavier than directory curation. They are kept visible so they are not silently dropped.