A dominant destination and refining market for African ASM gold. Ministry of Economy due-diligence rules extend OECD steps to a broad set of gold-chain entities; the UAE exited the FATF grey list in February 2024.
These indicators are read individually. Each is a framework-in-place status, source-linked and dated. The hub never averages them into a grade for this jurisdiction.
The UAE exited the FATF grey list in February 2024 following AML reforms. This is a whole-of-jurisdiction status; a DNFBP-recommendation-specific rating is not separately captured here.
Ministry of Economy due-diligence regulations (version 1, August 2022); Ministerial Decree 68/2024 extends OECD steps 1-3 to broader gold-chain entities, with annual third-party audits filed with the ministry.
Ministerial Decree 68/2024 reaches beyond refiners to broader gold-chain entities, but applies OECD steps 1-3; extension to the trader-facing steps 4-5 is not established here.
Per Swissaid (2024), 80 to 85 percent of undeclared African ASM gold lands in the UAE market, making it the principal destination node in documented smuggling routes.
Share figure per Swissaid (2024).