The sector map

The gold sector as one graph

Every record the hub holds, and every relationship between them, in one picture. It opens at the sector’s structure: countries with what the record places inside them, the bodies that reach across borders, and the weight of the links between them. Open any part of it to reach the records themselves.

A directory answers what exists. A profile answers what one record is connected to. This answers a question neither can: what shape the sector is in, and where the weight sits.

The layout is computed when the site is built, from the record and nothing else, and it is the same layout on every visit. What you find on the left today is on the left tomorrow.

Scrolls horizontally — drag to see the rest →

Peru · 1287 recordsPeruVolcan Compañía Minera S.A.A.1287Brazil · 439 recordsBrazilANM (Agencia Nacional de Mineracao)439European Union · 181 recordsEuropean UnionDG FISMA181United States · 152 recordsUnited StatesOFAC152Arequipa · 136 recordsArequipaSOCIEDAD MINERA CERRO VERDE S.A.A.136DR Congo · 121 recordsDR CongoFARDC121Junin · 114 recordsJuninMINERA CHINALCO PERÚ S.A.114Colombia · 110 recordsColombiaANM Catastro Minero — Títulos Vigentes110Ancash · 105 recordsAncashNYRSTAR ANCASH S.A.105Cajamarca · 99 recordsCajamarcaCOMPAÑIA MINERA SAN NICOLAS SOCIEDAD ANONIMA99Tanzania · 99 recordsTanzaniaTume ya Madini — List of Mineral Buying Centres99Lima · 97 recordsLimaCOMPAÑIA MINERA LOS CHUNCHOS S.A.C.97La Libertad · 93 recordsLa LibertadCOMPAñIA MINERA SAN SIMON S.A.93Pasco · 87 recordsPascoNEXA RESOURCES EL PORVENIR S.A.C.87Apurimac · 82 recordsApurimacOEFA sanción — MINERA LAS BAMBAS S.A. et al. (RD 0023-2018-OEFA/DFAI)82Huancavelica · 81 recordsHuancavelicaCASTROVIRREYNA COMPAÑIA MINERA S.A. EN LIQUIDACION81Puno · 77 recordsPunoResponsible Peruvian Gold77Central African Republic · 74 recordsCentral African Republic3R (Retour, Réclamation, Réhabilitation)74Burkina Faso · 70 recordsBurkina Faso70Ghana · 66 recordsGhana66Ayacucho · 65 recordsAyacucho65United Kingdom · 65 recordsUnited Kingdom65source-document · 59 recordssource-document59Uganda · 57 recordsUganda57Switzerland · 48 recordsSwitzerland48Moquegua · 47 recordsMoquegua47Zambia · 45 recordsZambia45Canada · 42 recordsCanada42Costa Rica · 32 recordsCosta Rica32Mongolia · 25 recordsMongolia25Japan · 23 recordsJapan23Kenya · 20 recordsKenya20Côte d’Ivoire · 19 recordsCôte d’Ivoire19Sudan · 19 recordsSudan19Ica · 18 recordsIca18China · 17 recordsChina17Philippines · 17 recordsPhilippines17Indonesia · 16 recordsIndonesia16Huanuco · 16 recordsHuanuco16Ecuador · 15 recordsEcuador15Mali · 15 recordsMali15Zimbabwe · 15 recordsZimbabwe15Cusco · 14 recordsCusco14South Africa · 14 recordsSouth Africa14Germany · 13 recordsGermany13Tacna · 13 recordsTacna13Bolivia · 12 recordsBolivia12Honduras · 12 recordsHonduras12Piura · 12 recordsPiura12certification-scheme · 12 recordscertification-scheme12Australia · 11 recordsAustralia11Guinea · 11 recordsGuinea11Guyana · 10 recordsGuyana10Madagascar · 10 recordsMadagascar10United Arab Emirates · 10 recordsUnited Arab Emirates10Chile · 9 recordsChile9Callao · 9 recordsCallao9Russia · 9 recordsRussia9Belgium · 8 recordsBelgium8Nigeria · 8 recordsNigeria8South Korea · 8 recordsSouth Korea8Suriname · 8 recordsSuriname8initiative · 8 recordsinitiative8Antioquia · 7 recordsAntioquia7India · 7 recordsIndia7Paraguay · 7 recordsParaguay7North Korea · 6 recordsNorth Korea6Republic of the Congo · 6 recordsRepublic of the Congo6Türkiye · 6 recordsTürkiye6civil-society · 6 recordscivil-society6Netherlands · 5 recordsNetherlands5industry-association · 5 recordsindustry-association5Chabange · 4 recordsChabange4Italy · 4 recordsItaly4Mauritania · 4 recordsMauritania4Nicaragua · 4 recordsNicaragua4Lambayeque · 4 recordsLambayeque4Sierra Leone · 4 recordsSierra Leone4Botswana · 3 recordsBotswana3Dominican Republic · 3 recordsDominican Republic3Ethiopia · 3 recordsEthiopia3Greece · 3 recordsGreece3Jersey · 3 recordsJersey3Kazakhstan · 3 recordsKazakhstan3Mexico · 3 recordsMexico3Panama · 3 recordsPanama3Senegal · 3 recordsSenegal3Taiwan · 3 recordsTaiwan3Uzbekistan · 3 recordsUzbekistan3Vatican City · 3 recordsVatican City3downstream-manufacturer · 3 recordsdownstream-manufacturer3Andorra · 2 recordsAndorra2Austria · 2 recordsAustria2Bolívar · 2 recordsBolívar2Caldas · 2 recordsCaldas2Czech Republic · 2 recordsCzech Republic2Djugu · 2 recordsDjugu2France · 2 recordsFrance2Namibia · 2 recordsNamibia2Amazonas · 2 recordsAmazonas2Poland · 2 recordsPoland2Singapore · 2 recordsSingapore2Spain · 2 recordsSpain2Sweden · 2 recordsSweden2Thailand · 2 recordsThailand2funder · 2 recordsfunder2incident · 2 recordsincident2regulator · 2 recordsregulator2Babila-Babombi · 1 recordsBabila-Babombi1Babila Teturi · 1 recordsBabila Teturi1Beni · 1 recordsBeni1Irumu · 1 recordsIrumu1Ituri · 1 recordsIturi1Kalehe · 1 recordsKalehe1Lubero · 1 recordsLubero1Mahagi · 1 recordsMahagi1Mambasa · 1 recordsMambasa1Mambembe · 1 recordsMambembe1Mwenga · 1 recordsMwenga1Nord-Kivu · 1 recordsNord-Kivu1Shabunda · 1 recordsShabunda1Sud-Kivu · 1 recordsSud-Kivu1Walikale · 1 recordsWalikale1Walungu · 1 recordsWalungu1Hong Kong · 1 recordsHong Kong1Mozambique · 1 recordsMozambique1financial-institution · 1 recordsfinancial-institution1producer · 1 recordsproducer1regulatory-action · 1 recordsregulatory-action1Microsoft Corporation · Downstream manufacturer / brand · 100 linksMicrosoft Corporation100planetGOLD · Initiative / programme · 32 linksplanetGOLD32OEFA · Regulator / public authority · 2088 linksOEFA2088Rand Refinery (Pty) Ltd · Refinery / smelter · 37 linksRand Refinery (Pty) Ltd37UNEP · Funder / development partner · 22 linksUNEP22European Partnership for Responsible Minerals · Civil-society organisation · 16 linksEuropean Partnership for Responsible Minerals16Solidaridad gold programme · Initiative / programme · 14 linksSolidaridad gold programme14Tiffany & Co. · Downstream manufacturer / brand · 17 linksTiffany & Co.17Royal Gold · Financial institution · 14 linksRoyal Gold14Swiss Better Gold · Initiative / programme · 38 linksSwiss Better Gold38UNDP · Funder / development partner · 16 linksUNDP16Solidaridad · Civil-society organisation · 12 linksSolidaridad12IMPACT (Just Gold) · Initiative / programme · 11 linksIMPACT (Just Gold)11Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development (DG DEVCO) · Funder / development partner · 9 linksDirectorate-General for International Cooperation and Development (DG DEVCO)9OFSI · Regulator / public authority · 67 linksOFSI67Franco-Nevada · Financial institution · 13 linksFranco-Nevada13Heraeus Precious Metals · Refinery / smelter · 9 linksHeraeus Precious Metals9Zahabu Safi Refiners Community of Practice · Initiative / programme · 8 linksZahabu Safi Refiners Community of Practice8Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. · Producer organisation · 127 linksCompañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.127COMPANIA MINERA ARES S.A.C. · Producer organisation · 88 linksCOMPANIA MINERA ARES S.A.C.88ACTIVOS MINEROS S.A.C. · Producer organisation · 47 linksACTIVOS MINEROS S.A.C.47UNIDO · Funder / development partner · 12 linksUNIDO12
How to read it
A circle is a country and everything the record places inside it. Its size is how many records that is.
A dashed circle groups records no source places in any one country, by what kind of thing they are.
A named diamond is a body whose relationships reach across three or more of these groups. This is the sector’s cross-border layer, and it is the part a country-by-country view cannot show.
A line is every relationship between two groups gathered into one. The thicker it is, the more relationships it carries.
Under a country’s name is the record inside it holding the most links, which is usually its cadastre or its licence register.
Everything on the map

The same groups as the picture above, as a list. The map is a way in, never the only one.

Countries

PeruMost linked: Volcan Compañía Minera S.A.A.1287 records2115 linksBrazilMost linked: ANM (Agencia Nacional de Mineracao)439 records860 linksEuropean UnionMost linked: DG FISMA181 records296 linksUnited StatesMost linked: OFAC152 records243 linksArequipaMost linked: SOCIEDAD MINERA CERRO VERDE S.A.A.136 records150 linksDR CongoMost linked: FARDC121 records148 linksJuninMost linked: MINERA CHINALCO PERÚ S.A.114 records126 linksColombiaMost linked: ANM Catastro Minero — Títulos Vigentes110 records205 linksAncashMost linked: NYRSTAR ANCASH S.A.105 records107 linksCajamarcaMost linked: COMPAÑIA MINERA SAN NICOLAS SOCIEDAD ANONIMA99 records116 linksTanzaniaMost linked: Tume ya Madini — List of Mineral Buying Centres99 records173 linksLimaMost linked: COMPAÑIA MINERA LOS CHUNCHOS S.A.C.97 records105 linksLa LibertadMost linked: COMPAñIA MINERA SAN SIMON S.A.93 records129 linksPascoMost linked: NEXA RESOURCES EL PORVENIR S.A.C.87 records95 linksApurimacMost linked: OEFA sanción — MINERA LAS BAMBAS S.A. et al. (RD 0023-2018-OEFA/DFAI)82 records91 linksHuancavelicaMost linked: CASTROVIRREYNA COMPAÑIA MINERA S.A. EN LIQUIDACION81 records101 linksPunoMost linked: Responsible Peruvian Gold77 records80 linksCentral African RepublicMost linked: 3R (Retour, Réclamation, Réhabilitation)74 records149 linksBurkina FasoMost linked: Burkina Faso e-Cadastre Minier — titres valides70 records132 linksGhanaMost linked: GoldBod License Registry66 records101 linksAyacuchoMost linked: FRESNILLO PERU S.A.C.65 records67 linksUnited KingdomMost linked: The Impact Facility65 records65 linksUgandaMost linked: Uganda DGSM Mineral Dealer / Refining Licence register57 records94 linksSwitzerlandMost linked: Swissaid48 records51 linksMoqueguaMost linked: OEFA sanción — ARUNTANI S.A.C. (RD 0029-2022-OEFA/DFAI)47 records47 linksZambiaMost linked: Mining Licensing Committee (Zambia Ministry of Mines and Minerals Development)45 records66 linksCanadaMost linked: IMPACT42 records47 linksCosta RicaMost linked: planetGOLD Costa Rica32 records39 linksMongoliaMost linked: planetGOLD Mongolia & Philippines (regional)25 records34 linksJapanMost linked: Aida Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.23 records22 linksKenyaMost linked: planetGOLD Kenya20 records26 linksCôte d’IvoireMost linked: planetGOLD Côte d’Ivoire19 records23 linksSudanMost linked: Meroe Gold Co. Ltd.19 records19 linksIcaMost linked: OEFA sanción — NEXA RESOURCES PERU S.A.A. et al. (RD 0040-2018-OEFA/DFAI)18 records17 linksChinaMost linked: Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd.17 records17 linksPhilippinesMost linked: Barangay Casalugan17 records16 linksIndonesiaMost linked: planetGOLD Indonesia16 records20 linksHuanucoMost linked: OEFA sanción — CIA MINERA RAURA S A et al. (RD 1672-2017-OEFA/DFSAI)16 records15 linksEcuadorMost linked: planetGOLD Ecuador15 records14 linksMaliMost linked: planetGOLD Mali15 records21 linksZimbabweMost linked: planetGOLD Zimbabwe15 records19 linksCuscoMost linked: OEFA sanción — HUDBAY PERU S.A.C. (RD 0461-2018-OEFA/DFAI)14 records13 linksSouth AfricaMost linked: Impala Bafokeng14 records13 linksGermanyMost linked: Heimerle + Meule GmbH13 records12 linksTacnaMost linked: SUMITOMO METAL MINING PERU S.A13 records15 linksBoliviaMost linked: planetGOLD Bolivia12 records13 linksHondurasMost linked: Expansion of CRAFT & Fairmined in Honduras12 records14 linksPiuraMost linked: ANDALUCITA S.A.12 records13 linksAustraliaMost linked: Triple Flag Precious Metals11 records13 linksGuineaMost linked: planetGOLD Guinea11 records13 linksGuyanaMost linked: planetGOLD Guyana10 records12 linksMadagascarMost linked: planetGOLD Madagascar10 records11 linksUnited Arab EmiratesMost linked: Alain Francois Viviane GOETZ10 records10 linksChileMost linked: Argor-Heraeus SA9 records8 linksCallaoMost linked: IMPALA TERMINALS PERU S.A.C.9 records11 linksRussiaMost linked: LBMA Good Delivery List (gold + silver) — suspended — JSC Krastsvetmet, JSC Novosibirsk Refinery, JSC Uralelectromed, Moscow Special Alloys Processing Plant, Prioksky Plant of Non-Ferrous Metals, Shyolkovsky Factory of Secondary Precious Metals, SOE9 records14 linksBelgiumMost linked: IPIS8 records8 linksNigeriaMost linked: planetGOLD Nigeria8 records11 linksSouth KoreaMost linked: DSC (Do Sung Corporation)8 records7 linksSurinameMost linked: planetGOLD Suriname8 records7 linksAntioquiaMost linked: Nechi Fair Gold7 records8 linksIndiaMost linked: IFSCA7 records7 linksParaguayMost linked: planetGOLD Paraguay7 records6 linksNorth KoreaMost linked: DAESONG TRADING6 records5 linksRepublic of the CongoMost linked: planetGOLD Republic of the Congo6 records5 linksTürkiyeMost linked: Istanbul Gold Refinery6 records5 linksNetherlandsMost linked: Fairphone5 records3 linksChabangeMost linked: Nyawaronga (Chabange village, Kalehe territory)4 records4 linksItalyMost linked: Chimet S.p.A.4 records3 linksMauritaniaMost linked: Business Pilot for Responsible ASM gold4 records3 linksNicaraguaMost linked: planetGOLD Nicaragua4 records3 linksLambayequeMost linked: OEFA sanción — CAÑARIACO COPPER PERU S.A.C et al. (RD 0894-2018-OEFA/DFAI)4 records4 linksSierra LeoneMost linked: planetGOLD Sierra Leone4 records3 linksBotswanaMost linked: Khoemacau3 records2 linksDominican RepublicMost linked: Pueblo Viejo3 records2 linksEthiopiaMost linked: MKS PAMP3 records3 linksGreeceMost linked: OpenAIRE3 records2 linksJerseyMost linked: HIGHLAND GOLD MINING LIMITED3 records2 linksKazakhstanMost linked: Kazzinc3 records2 linksMexicoMost linked: Peñasquito3 records2 linksPanamaMost linked: Cobre Panama3 records2 linksSenegalMost linked: planetGOLD Senegal3 records2 linksTaiwanMost linked: Elite Industech Co., Ltd.3 records2 linksUzbekistanMost linked: Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex (AMMC)3 records2 linksVatican City3 records2 linksAndorraMost linked: L'Orfebre S.A.2 records1 linksAustriaMost linked: Ogussa Osterreichische Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt GmbH2 records1 linksBolívarMost linked: Un banqueño, entre las víctimas del derrumbe en mina en Bolívar2 records2 linksCaldasMost linked: Fuerte explosión en mina de Marmato, Caldas, deja 21 lesionados; dos están graves2 records2 linksCzech RepublicMost linked: SAFINA A.S.2 records1 linksDjuguMost linked: Landmark agreement in Djugu territory cutting the mine owner’s share of artisanal production to 5 per cent2 records1 linksFranceMost linked: WEEEREFINING2 records1 linksNamibia2 records1 linksAmazonasMost linked: OEFA sanción — NEXA RESOURCES PERU S.A.A. et al. (RD 1499-2020-OEFA/DFAI)2 records1 linksPolandMost linked: KGHM Polska Miedz Spolka Akcyjna2 records1 linksSingaporeMost linked: Metalor Technologies (Singapore) Pte., Ltd.2 records1 linksSpainMost linked: SEMPSA Joyeria Plateria S.A.2 records1 linksSwedenMost linked: Boliden AB2 records1 linksThailand2 records1 linksBabila-Babombi1 records0 linksBabila Teturi1 records0 linksBeni1 records0 linksIrumu1 records0 linksIturi1 records0 linksKalehe1 records0 linksLubero1 records0 linksMahagi1 records0 linksMambasa1 records0 linksMambembe1 records0 linksMwenga1 records0 linksNord-Kivu1 records0 linksShabunda1 records0 linksSud-Kivu1 records0 linksWalikale1 records0 linksWalungu1 records0 linksHong Kong1 records0 linksMozambique1 records0 links

No jurisdiction held

These records exist and are sourced; no public source the hub reads places them in one country. They are grouped by type rather than filed under a guess.

Source documentA published document the hub reads from: a registry export, a report, an investigation, a dataset or an article.59 records0 linksCertification scheme / standardA voluntary standard a producer, site or refiner can be certified against, with its own requirements, versions and holders.12 records0 linksInitiative / programmeA named programme or project with scope and membership, run across one or more countries.8 records0 linksCivil-society organisationAn NGO, association or community organisation working on artisanal mining and its effects.6 records0 linksIndustry association / private standard-setterA body that sets or runs standards for the gold market itself, not a government authority and not a mining-focused NGO.5 records0 linksDownstream manufacturer / brand3 records0 linksFunder / development partnerA donor or development partner paying for formalisation, mercury reduction or traceability work.2 records0 linksIncidentA recorded event at or around a mining operation: a collapse, a contamination, a raid, a fatality or a conflict event.2 records0 linksRegulator / public authorityA public authority with power over mining: ministries, environmental agencies, geological institutes and regional offices.2 records0 linksFinancial institution1 records0 linksProducer organisationAn organisation that mines: a cooperative, an association, a small company or an individual operator.1 records0 linksRegulatory action / enforcementAn act by an authority: a sanction, a suspension, an export ban, an authorisation, an inspection or a formalisation decree.1 records0 links

Reaching across borders

Microsoft CorporationDownstream manufacturer / brand100 links34 groups reachedplanetGOLDInitiative / programme32 links27 groups reachedOEFARegulator / public authority2088 links21 groups reachedRand Refinery (Pty) LtdRefinery / smelter37 links19 groups reachedUNEPFunder / development partner22 links13 groups reachedEuropean Partnership for Responsible MineralsCivil-society organisation16 links12 groups reachedSolidaridad gold programmeInitiative / programme14 links11 groups reachedTiffany & Co.Downstream manufacturer / brand17 links10 groups reachedRoyal GoldFinancial institution14 links10 groups reachedSwiss Better GoldInitiative / programme38 links9 groups reachedUNDPFunder / development partner16 links9 groups reachedSolidaridadCivil-society organisation12 links9 groups reachedIMPACT (Just Gold)Initiative / programme11 links9 groups reachedDirectorate-General for International Cooperation and Development (DG DEVCO)Funder / development partner9 links9 groups reachedOFSIRegulator / public authority67 links8 groups reachedFranco-NevadaFinancial institution13 links8 groups reachedHeraeus Precious MetalsRefinery / smelter9 links8 groups reachedZahabu Safi Refiners Community of PracticeInitiative / programme8 links8 groups reachedCompañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.Producer organisation127 links7 groups reachedCOMPANIA MINERA ARES S.A.C.Producer organisation88 links7 groups reachedACTIVOS MINEROS S.A.C.Producer organisation47 links7 groups reachedUNIDOFunder / development partner12 links6 groups reached
What this map does and does not cover

The map draws the record as it stands. Where the record is thin, the map is thin, and it says so here rather than letting a full-looking picture imply otherwise.

179Mine to refiner: the links are not there

The hub’s own strapline is mine to refiner, and the public record it reads holds no chain-of-custody link at all: not one record supplying ore to another, sourcing from another or shipping to another. That is a finding about the public record, not an omission from this page, and it is the first target of the next crawl round. Naming it is worth more than filling the gap with thin claims.

4579 / 4681Where records sit

Records reach a country when a relationship in the record puts them there. A handful reach one through a single further step, such as a title reaching a country by way of the site it covers. Those are counted separately below, because a placement read from the record is not the same as a placement stated in it. Read through one further step: 540. Placed in no country at all: 102.

0Where sources disagree

Where two active claims disagree on the same point, both are drawn, each keeping its own source, and the hub picks no winner and blends nothing. The map holds none today: that is what the corpus currently contains, not a decision to hide any.

11070Every link keeps its evidence

Nothing here is drawn that a record cannot account for. Open any record from the map and every relationship on it carries the source passage it rests on, one click away.

The vocabularyThe types and relationship kinds drawn here are the sector’s own, held as a versioned vocabulary. The register lists every type in use with a plain definition for each. Open the register Vocabulary version 0.3.1; 22 types and 24 kinds of relationship are in use.