Entry

Hong Kong

A country, region, department or municipality. Every geographic claim on the hub hangs off one.

TypeJurisdiction / administrative areaRelationships17Claims held17Checked2026-09First held2026-08
How this entry is evidenced

Every claim below carries its own evidence standing. The hub publishes those standings and forms no single grade for the entry.

Registry fact2Corroborated1Single source12Contested2
This entry in the graph

Every relationship the hub holds for this entry, drawn once. An entry with three edges shows three edges.

receives shipments from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedgold flows to · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagreereceives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagreereceives gold flows from · As reportedlocation of · As reportedlocation of · As reportedsupplies · As reportedgold flows to · Historicalgold flows to · HistoricalHong Kong — Jurisdiction / administrative areaInformal/black-market gold trading network (Philippines) — Trader / exporter / intermediaryBolivia — Jurisdiction / administrative areaIndonesia — Jurisdiction / administrative areaMali — Jurisdiction / administrative areaPapua New Guinea — Jurisdiction / administrative areaPhilippines — Jurisdiction / administrative areaRussia — Jurisdiction / administrative areaHeraeus Limited — Refinery / smelterUNIVERSAL GOLD HONG KONG LIMITED — Trader / exporter / intermediaryHeraeus Precious Metals — Refinery / smelterSwitzerland — Jurisdiction / administrative area
  • Informal/black-market gold trading network (Philippines)Trader / exporter / intermediary · receives shipments from · As reported
  • BoliviaJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • IndonesiaJurisdiction / administrative area · gold flows to · As reported
  • MaliJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • Papua New GuineaJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • PhilippinesJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagree
  • RussiaJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • Heraeus LimitedRefinery / smelter · location of · As reported
  • UNIVERSAL GOLD HONG KONG LIMITEDTrader / exporter / intermediary · location of · As reported
  • Heraeus Precious MetalsRefinery / smelter · supplies · As reported
  • SwitzerlandJurisdiction / administrative area · gold flows to · Historical
Where sources disagree

Both claims are published, each naming its own source. The hub picks no winner and blends nothing.

receives gold flows fromSources namedManila Times

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromPhilippinesJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantinvestigativeIndicatorexportMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-philippines:jurisdiction-hong-kong:investigative-undatedPeriod2005/2015Share0.79
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

SourceManila TimesOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedPhilippine Daily Inquirer

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromPhilippinesJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantinvestigativeIndicatorexportMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-philippines:jurisdiction-hong-kong:investigative-2005-2015PeriodundatedShare0.95
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

SourcePhilippine Daily InquirerOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

Relationships

Showing 4 of 4

Where a source does not establish that a relationship continues, its present status is undetermined. An absent end date is not evidence that it is current.

Geography2

location ofHeraeus LimitedRefinery / smelterRegistry fact
As reportedPrecisionregistered seat, country level
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceHong Kong Companies Registry, via the register-validated GLEIF LEI recordOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-11

location ofUNIVERSAL GOLD HONG KONG LIMITEDTrader / exporter / intermediaryRegistry fact
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceOFAC Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) List, US Department of the TreasuryOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

Chain of custody2

receives shipments fromInformal/black-market gold trading network (Philippines)Trader / exporter / intermediaryCorroborated
As reported
Evidence (2)

Two or more independent sources state this.

SourcePhilippine Daily Inquirer (business.inquirer.net)Origingold-hubAsserted2026-09-03

suppliesHeraeus Precious MetalsRefinery / smelterSingle source
As reportedDetermination basiscountry-of-origin as stated in the source organisation's own responsible-sourcing disclosure
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

Sourcebullionstar.comOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-22

Sequence
  1. 2024-01-01gold flows to · SwitzerlandStart
  2. 2024-12-31gold flows to · SwitzerlandHistorical
  3. 2025-01-01gold flows to · SwitzerlandStart
  4. 2025-12-31gold flows to · SwitzerlandHistorical
What the hub does not hold
  • No tenure and control claim is held for this entry.
  • No governance and compliance claim is held for this entry.
  • No events and evidence claim is held for this entry.
  • No participation and support claim is held for this entry.
  • No register identifier (RUC, NIT, cadastre code or equivalent) is held for this entry.

Not shown · AttributesNo attribute claim carrying its own source is held for this entry.

Not shown · Also namedNo source has used a different name string for this entry.

Not shown · Register identifiersNo register identifier is held for this entry.

Where this entry comes from