Entry

Ethiopia

A country, region, department or municipality. Every geographic claim on the hub hangs off one.

TypeJurisdiction / administrative areaRelationships6Claims held6Checked2026-08First held2026-08
How this entry is evidenced

Every claim below carries its own evidence standing. The hub publishes those standings and forms no single grade for the entry.

Registry fact1Single source4Contested1
This entry in the graph

Every relationship the hub holds for this entry, drawn once. An entry with three edges shows three edges.

gold flows to · As reportedgold flows to · As reported · Where sources disagreelocation of · As reportedlocation of · As reportedsupplies · As reportedsupplies · As reportedEthiopia — Jurisdiction / administrative areaKenya — Jurisdiction / administrative areaSouth Africa — Jurisdiction / administrative areaNational Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) — Financial institutionAkobo Minerals — Producer organisationMKS PAMP — Refinery / smelterRand Refinery (Pty) Ltd — Refinery / smelter
Ethiopia
Where sources disagree

Both claims are published, each naming its own source. The hub picks no winner and blends nothing.

gold flows toSources namedBullionStar (industry commentary site)

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

gold flows toSouth AfricaJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantinvestigativeIndicatorexportPeriodas of 21 Nov 2022 (Rand's confirmed-country statement)
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

  • Locatorpassage on the cited page (period as stated: as of 21 Nov 2022 (Rand's confirmed-country statement)) — reference as stated by the source: bullionstar.com/gold-university/rand-refineryDocumentrecord:gold-flow-flow-0198 · externalQuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceBullionStar (industry commentary site)Origingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

Relationships

Showing 4 of 4

Where a source does not establish that a relationship continues, its present status is undetermined. An absent end date is not evidence that it is current.

Geography2

location ofAkobo MineralsProducer organisationRegistry fact
As reportedPrecisionplaced at its Ethiopian mine/production site; the parent company Akobo Minerals AB is listed in Sweden
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceMining.com / Akobo Minerals ABOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-29

location ofNational Bank of Ethiopia (NBE)Financial institutionSingle source
As reportedPrecisioncountry, as the row’s own source states it
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

  • LocatorThe Reporter Ethiopia — Tigray's Artisanal Miners Drive Staggering Surge In NBE Gold Supply — the record states this party's jurisdiction as EthiopiaDocumenthttps://www.thereporterethiopia.com/45092/ · externalLinkwww.thereporterethiopia.com/45092/

SourceThe Reporter Ethiopia — Tigray's Artisanal Miners Drive Staggering Surge In NBE Gold SupplyOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-11

Chain of custody2

suppliesMKS PAMPRefinery / smelterSingle source
As reportedDetermination basiscountry-of-origin as stated in the source organisation's own responsible-sourcing disclosure
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

Sourceminingweekly.comOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-22

suppliesRand Refinery (Pty) LtdRefinery / smelterSingle source
As reportedDetermination basiscountry-of-origin as stated in the source organisation's own responsible-sourcing disclosure
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

Sourcebullionstar.comOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-22

What the hub does not hold
  • No tenure and control claim is held for this entry.
  • No governance and compliance claim is held for this entry.
  • No events and evidence claim is held for this entry.
  • No participation and support claim is held for this entry.
  • No register identifier (RUC, NIT, cadastre code or equivalent) is held for this entry.

Not shown · SequenceFewer than two dated claims are held, so there is no sequence to read.

Not shown · AttributesNo attribute claim carrying its own source is held for this entry.

Not shown · Also namedNo source has used a different name string for this entry.

Not shown · Register identifiersNo register identifier is held for this entry.

Where this entry comes from