Entry

South Africa

A country, region, department or municipality. Every geographic claim on the hub hangs off one.

TypeJurisdiction / administrative areaRelationships83Claims held83Checked2026-08First held2026-08
How this entry is evidenced

Every claim below carries its own evidence standing. The hub publishes those standings and forms no single grade for the entry.

Registry fact13Corroborated1Single source57Contested12
This entry in the graph

Every relationship the hub holds for this entry, drawn once. An entry with three edges shows three edges.

location of · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagreereceives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagreereceives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagreereceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagreereceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedSouth Africa — Jurisdiction / administrative areaRand Refinery (Pty) Ltd — Refinery / smelterBotswana — Jurisdiction / administrative areaBurkina Faso — Jurisdiction / administrative areaChina — Jurisdiction / administrative areaCôte d’Ivoire — Jurisdiction / administrative areaDR Congo — Jurisdiction / administrative areaEthiopia — Jurisdiction / administrative areaGhana — Jurisdiction / administrative areaGuinea — Jurisdiction / administrative area
  • Rand Refinery (Pty) LtdRefinery / smelter · location of · As reported
  • BotswanaJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • Burkina FasoJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagree
  • ChinaJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagree
  • Côte d’IvoireJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • DR CongoJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • EthiopiaJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagree
  • GhanaJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • GuineaJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported

+55 relationships not drawn above, to keep the graph legible

South Africa
Where sources disagree

Both claims are published, each naming its own source. The hub picks no winner and blends nothing.

receives gold flows fromSources namedBullionStar (industry commentary site)

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromBurkina FasoJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantinvestigativeIndicatorexportMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-burkina-faso:jurisdiction-south-africa:third-party-estimate-fy2025-report-dated-26-nov-2025Periodas of 21 Nov 2022 (Rand's confirmed-country statement)
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

  • Locatorpassage on the cited page (period as stated: as of 21 Nov 2022 (Rand's confirmed-country statement)) — reference as stated by the source: bullionstar.com/gold-university/rand-refineryDocumentrecord:gold-flow-flow-0196 · externalQuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceBullionStar (industry commentary site)Origingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedLBMA / Rand Refinery (Pty) Ltd. FY2025 Public Assurance Docs, Table 4

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromBurkina FasoJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedClaimantthird-party-estimateIndicatorexportMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-burkina-faso:jurisdiction-south-africa:investigative-as-of-21-nov-2022-rand-s-confirmed-country-statementPeriodFY2025 (report dated 26 Nov 2025)UnitkgValue567
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

SourceLBMA / Rand Refinery (Pty) Ltd. FY2025 Public Assurance Docs, Table 4Origingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedBullionStar (industry commentary site)

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromChinaJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantinvestigativeIndicatorexportPeriodas of 21 Nov 2022 (Rand's confirmed-country statement)
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

  • Locatorpassage on the cited page (period as stated: as of 21 Nov 2022 (Rand's confirmed-country statement)) — reference as stated by the source: bullionstar.com/gold-university/rand-refineryDocumentrecord:gold-flow-flow-0197 · externalQuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceBullionStar (industry commentary site)Origingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedBullionStar (industry commentary site)

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromEthiopiaJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantinvestigativeIndicatorexportPeriodas of 21 Nov 2022 (Rand's confirmed-country statement)
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

  • Locatorpassage on the cited page (period as stated: as of 21 Nov 2022 (Rand's confirmed-country statement)) — reference as stated by the source: bullionstar.com/gold-university/rand-refineryDocumentrecord:gold-flow-flow-0198 · externalQuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceBullionStar (industry commentary site)Origingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedSWISSAID / B2Gold NI 43-101 report

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromMaliJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantinvestigativeIndicatorexportMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-mali:jurisdiction-south-africa:investigative-valid-to-2019-per-swissaid-observed-2024-09-2025-08-per-rand-s-2025-re, a:flows-to:jurisdiction-mali:jurisdiction-south-africa:third-party-estimate-valid-to-during-fy2025-reporting-year, a:flows-to:jurisdiction-mali:jurisdiction-south-africa:third-party-estimate-fy2025-2Period2024-09 to 2025-08 per Rand's own report
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

  • Locatorpassage on the cited page (period as stated: 2024-09 to 2025-08 per Rand's own report) — reference as stated by the source: SWISSAID "Out of the Shadows" 2023, p.12Documentrecord:gold-flow-flow-0181 · externalQuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceSWISSAID / B2Gold NI 43-101 reportOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedSWISSAID (quoting AngloGold Ashanti)

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromMaliJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantinvestigativeIndicatorexportMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-mali:jurisdiction-south-africa:investigative-2024-09-to-2025-08-per-rand-s-own-report, a:flows-to:jurisdiction-mali:jurisdiction-south-africa:third-party-estimate-valid-to-during-fy2025-reporting-year, a:flows-to:jurisdiction-mali:jurisdiction-south-africa:third-party-estimate-fy2025-2Periodvalid_to 2019 per SWISSAID; observed 2024-09–2025-08 per Rand's 2025 report
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

  • Locatorpassage on the cited page (period as stated: valid_to 2019 per SWISSAID; observed 2024-09–2025-08 per Rand's 2025 report) — reference as stated by the source: SWISSAID "Out of the Shadows" 2023, p.10Documentrecord:gold-flow-flow-0190 · externalQuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceSWISSAID (quoting AngloGold Ashanti)Origingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedLBMA / Rand Refinery (Pty) Ltd. FY2025 Public Assurance Docs, WGC Depositing Mines table

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromMaliJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedClaimantthird-party-estimateIndicatorexportMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-mali:jurisdiction-south-africa:investigative-2024-09-to-2025-08-per-rand-s-own-report, a:flows-to:jurisdiction-mali:jurisdiction-south-africa:investigative-valid-to-2019-per-swissaid-observed-2024-09-2025-08-per-rand-s-2025-re, a:flows-to:jurisdiction-mali:jurisdiction-south-africa:third-party-estimate-valid-to-during-fy2025-reporting-yearPeriodFY2025
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

SourceLBMA / Rand Refinery (Pty) Ltd. FY2025 Public Assurance Docs, WGC Depositing Mines tableOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedLBMA / Rand Refinery (Pty) Ltd. FY2025 Public Assurance Docs, WGC Depositing Mines table

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromMaliJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedClaimantthird-party-estimateIndicatorexportMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-mali:jurisdiction-south-africa:investigative-2024-09-to-2025-08-per-rand-s-own-report, a:flows-to:jurisdiction-mali:jurisdiction-south-africa:investigative-valid-to-2019-per-swissaid-observed-2024-09-2025-08-per-rand-s-2025-re, a:flows-to:jurisdiction-mali:jurisdiction-south-africa:third-party-estimate-fy2025-2Periodvalid_to during FY2025 reporting year
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

SourceLBMA / Rand Refinery (Pty) Ltd. FY2025 Public Assurance Docs, WGC Depositing Mines tableOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedBullionStar (industry commentary site)

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromMozambiqueJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantinvestigativeIndicatorexportPeriodas of 21 Nov 2022 (Rand's confirmed-country statement)
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

  • Locatorpassage on the cited page (period as stated: as of 21 Nov 2022 (Rand's confirmed-country statement)) — reference as stated by the source: bullionstar.com/gold-university/rand-refineryDocumentrecord:gold-flow-flow-0202 · externalQuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceBullionStar (industry commentary site)Origingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedSWISSAID / Barrick direct statement

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromTanzaniaJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantinvestigativeIndicatorexportMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-tanzania:jurisdiction-south-africa:investigative-at-least-until-2022-per-record-s-edge-2Periodat least until 2022 per record's edge
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

  • Locatorpassage on the cited page (period as stated: at least until 2022 per record's edge) — reference as stated by the source: SWISSAID "Out of the Shadows" 2023, p.14-15 (Barrick email to SWISSAID, 8 Dec 2022)Documentrecord:gold-flow-flow-0193 · externalQuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceSWISSAID / Barrick direct statementOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedSWISSAID / Barrick direct statement

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromTanzaniaJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantinvestigativeIndicatorexportMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-tanzania:jurisdiction-south-africa:investigative-at-least-until-2022-per-record-s-edgePeriodat least until 2022 per record's edge
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

  • Locatorpassage on the cited page (period as stated: at least until 2022 per record's edge) — reference as stated by the source: SWISSAID "Out of the Shadows" 2023, p.14-15 (Barrick email to SWISSAID, 8 Dec 2022); also Barrick Sustainability Report 2020 p.59Documentrecord:gold-flow-flow-0194 · externalQuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceSWISSAID / Barrick direct statementOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedSWISSAID (quoting Rand Refinery's own statement)

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromZimbabweJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantdestination-reportedIndicatorreported-importPeriodvalid_to 2020
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

  • Locatorpassage on the cited page (period as stated: valid_to 2020) — reference as stated by the source: SWISSAID "Out of the Shadows" 2023, p.8Documentrecord:gold-flow-flow-0206 · externalQuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceSWISSAID (quoting Rand Refinery's own statement)Origingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

Relationships

Showing 18 of 18

Where a source does not establish that a relationship continues, its present status is undetermined. An absent end date is not evidence that it is current.

Geography15

location ofDRDGOLDTrader / exporter / intermediaryRegistry fact
As reported
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceDRDGOLD LimitedOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-29

location ofHarmonyTrader / exporter / intermediaryRegistry fact
As reported
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceHarmony Gold Mining Company LimitedOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-29

location ofImpala Refineries – Platinum Metals Refinery (PMR)Refinery / smelterRegistry fact
As reported
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceMicrosoft Corporation — Conflict Minerals Report for 2024 Reporting Year, Appendix AOrigingold-hubObserved2024Asserted2026-08-29

location ofImpala RustenburgRefinery / smelterRegistry fact
As reported
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceMicrosoft Corporation — Conflict Minerals Report for 2024 Reporting Year, Appendix AOrigingold-hubObserved2024Asserted2026-08-29

location ofMA GOLD TRADERS PTY LTDTrader / exporter / intermediaryRegistry fact
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceOFAC Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) List, US Department of the TreasuryOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

location ofMetal Concentrators SA (Pty) Ltd.Refinery / smelterRegistry fact
As reported
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceMicrosoft Corporation — Conflict Minerals Report for 2024 Reporting Year, Appendix AOrigingold-hubObserved2024Asserted2026-08-29

location ofRand RefineryRefinery / smelterRegistry factSuperseded
As reported
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

  • LocatorRand Refinery, Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa, est. 1920 by the Chamber of Mines of South AfricaDocumentrecord:placement-pass-round9-2026-08-29 · externalLinkwww.randrefinery.com/

SourceRand RefineryOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-29

location ofRand Refinery (Pty) LtdRefinery / smelterCorroborated
As reported
Evidence (2)

Two or more independent sources state this.

  • LocatorLBMA Good Delivery / Rand Refinery (Pty) LtdDocumentrecord:refiners-traders-sweep · externalLinken.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Delivery
  • LocatorRand Refinery, Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa, est. 1920 by the Chamber of Mines of South AfricaDocumentrecord:placement-pass-round9-2026-08-29 · externalLinkwww.randrefinery.com/

SourceLBMA Good DeliveryOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-20

location ofRappa Resources (Pty) LtdRecycler / secondary recovererSingle source
As reportedPrecisioncountry level; registered seat not established from a register
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

SourceSupreme Court of Appeal of South Africa judgment, served from the SARS websiteOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-11

location ofRMBFinancial institutionRegistry fact
As reported
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

  • LocatorRMB (Rand Merchant Bank), a division of FirstRand Bank, 1 Merchant Place, Cnr Fredman Drive and Rivonia Road, JohannesburgDocumentrecord:placement-pass-round9-2026-08-29 · externalLinkza.linkedin.com/company/rmb-rand-merchant-bank

SourceRand Merchant BankOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-29

location ofSibanye GoldTrader / exporter / intermediaryRegistry fact
As reported
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceSibanye-StillwaterOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-29

location ofStandard Bank GlobalFinancial institutionRegistry fact
As reported
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceStandard Bank GroupOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-29

location ofValterra Platinum LimitedProducer organisationRegistry fact
As reportedPrecisionplace of incorporation, country level
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceValterra Platinum Limited full-year results short-form announcement, a JSE/LSE regulatory disclosureOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-11

Chain of custody2

suppliesHeraeus Precious MetalsRefinery / smelterSingle source
As reportedDetermination basiscountry-of-origin as stated in the source organisation's own responsible-sourcing disclosure
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

Sourcebullionstar.comOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-22

suppliesRand Refinery (Pty) LtdRefinery / smelterSingle source
As reportedDetermination basiscountry-of-origin as stated in the source organisation's own responsible-sourcing disclosure
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

Sourcebullionstar.comOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-22

Events and evidence1

Sequence
  1. 2024-01-01gold flows to · SwitzerlandStart
  2. 2024-12-31gold flows to · SwitzerlandHistorical
  3. 2025-01-01gold flows to · SwitzerlandStart
  4. 2025-12-31gold flows to · SwitzerlandHistorical
  5. 2026-07-08site of · South Africa arrests over 200 in illegal-mining crackdownStart
What the hub does not hold
  • No tenure and control claim is held for this entry.
  • No governance and compliance claim is held for this entry.
  • No participation and support claim is held for this entry.
  • No register identifier (RUC, NIT, cadastre code or equivalent) is held for this entry.

Not shown · AttributesNo attribute claim carrying its own source is held for this entry.

Not shown · Also namedNo source has used a different name string for this entry.

Not shown · Register identifiersNo register identifier is held for this entry.

Where this entry comes from