Entry

United Arab Emirates

A country, region, department or municipality. Every geographic claim on the hub hangs off one.

TypeJurisdiction / administrative areaRelationships130Claims held134Checked2026-09First held2026-08
How this entry is evidenced

Every claim below carries its own evidence standing. The hub publishes those standings and forms no single grade for the entry.

Registry fact11Corroborated4Single source108Contested11
This entry in the graph

Every relationship the hub holds for this entry, drawn once. An entry with three edges shows three edges.

receives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagreereceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagreereceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagreereceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagreereceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reportedreceives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagreereceives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagreereceives gold flows from · As reportedUnited Arab Emirates — Jurisdiction / administrative areaArmenia — Jurisdiction / administrative areaBolivia — Jurisdiction / administrative areaBrazil — Jurisdiction / administrative areaBurkina Faso — Jurisdiction / administrative areaBurundi — Jurisdiction / administrative areaCameroon — Jurisdiction / administrative areaCentral African Republic — Jurisdiction / administrative areaChad — Jurisdiction / administrative areaColombia — Jurisdiction / administrative areaDR Congo — Jurisdiction / administrative areaEgypt — Jurisdiction / administrative areaGhana — Jurisdiction / administrative area
  • ArmeniaJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • BoliviaJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • BrazilJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • Burkina FasoJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagree
  • BurundiJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • CameroonJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • Central African RepublicJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • ChadJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • ColombiaJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • DR CongoJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported · Where sources disagree
  • EgyptJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported
  • GhanaJurisdiction / administrative area · receives gold flows from · As reported

+102 relationships not drawn above, to keep the graph legible

United Arab Emirates
Where sources disagree

Both claims are published, each naming its own source. The hub picks no winner and blends nothing.

receives gold flows fromSources namedSwissaid (via Mines Actu Burkina, proxied fetch)

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromBurkina FasoJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantinvestigativeIndicatortransitIntermediatesjurisdiction:togo, jurisdiction:mali, jurisdiction:ghana, jurisdiction:cote-divoire, jurisdiction:niger, BeninPeriod2024 estimate; 2017 official figureUnittValue30
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

SourceSwissaid (via Mines Actu Burkina, proxied fetch)Origingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedIMPACT, "The Intermediaries" (Sept 2020)

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromDR CongoJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasiscomtrade-mirrorClaimantdestination-reportedIndicatorreported-importIntermediatesjurisdiction:rwandaMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-dr-congo:jurisdiction-united-arab-emirates:origin-declared-2015-01-to-2016-03, a:flows-to:jurisdiction-dr-congo:jurisdiction-united-arab-emirates:third-party-estimate-2015-01-to-2016-03-2Period2015 to 2016-02UnitkgValue398
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

SourceIMPACT, "The Intermediaries" (Sept 2020)Origingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedIMPACT, "The Intermediaries" (Sept 2020), Annex 1

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromDR CongoJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasiscustomsClaimantorigin-declaredIndicatorexportIntermediatesjurisdiction:rwandaMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-dr-congo:jurisdiction-united-arab-emirates:third-party-estimate-2015-01-to-2016-03-2, a:flows-to:jurisdiction-dr-congo:jurisdiction-united-arab-emirates:destination-reported-2015-to-2016-02Period2015-01 to 2016-03UnitkgValue5290
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

SourceIMPACT, "The Intermediaries" (Sept 2020), Annex 1Origingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedIMPACT, "The Intermediaries" (Sept 2020)

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromDR CongoJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedClaimantthird-party-estimateIndicatortransitIntermediatesjurisdiction:rwandaMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-dr-congo:jurisdiction-united-arab-emirates:origin-declared-2015-01-to-2016-03, a:flows-to:jurisdiction-dr-congo:jurisdiction-united-arab-emirates:destination-reported-2015-to-2016-02Period2015-01 to 2016-03UnitkgValue177
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

SourceIMPACT, "The Intermediaries" (Sept 2020)Origingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedMyJoyOnline / JoyNews

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromGhanaJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantinvestigativeIndicatorexportMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-ghana:jurisdiction-united-arab-emirates:investigative-report-released-11-jun-2025-covering-2023-outputPerioddisclosed by then-President Akufo-Addo (year not stated)UnitUSDValue5000000000
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

SourceMyJoyOnline / JoyNewsOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedSwissaid (report), distributed via Reuters wire / Kitco News

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromGhanaJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantinvestigativeIndicatortransitIntermediatesjurisdiction:togoMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-ghana:jurisdiction-united-arab-emirates:investigative-disclosed-by-then-president-akufo-addo-year-not-statedPeriodreport released 11 Jun 2025, covering 2023 outputUnittValue229
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

SourceSwissaid (report), distributed via Reuters wire / Kitco NewsOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedUN Group of Experts on the DRC, Final Report S/2019/469 (cited in IMPACT report)

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromRwandaJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasiscomtrade-mirrorClaimantdestination-reportedIndicatorreported-importPeriod2018UnitkgValue2163
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

  • Locatorpassage on the cited page (period as stated: 2018) — reference as stated by the source: n/a (UN Group of Experts on the DRC, Final Report S/2019/469, p.36, para.183, as cited in IMPACT "The Intermediaries" p.26)Documentrecord:gold-flow-flow-0275 · externalQuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceUN Group of Experts on the DRC, Final Report S/2019/469 (cited in IMPACT report)Origingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedChatham House

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromSudanJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasiscentral-bankClaimantorigin-declaredIndicatorexportMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-sudan:jurisdiction-united-arab-emirates:origin-declared-2024-2Period2024UnittValue27.96
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

SourceChatham HouseOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedChatham House

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromSudanJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasiscentral-bankClaimantorigin-declaredIndicatorexportMirror ofa:flows-to:jurisdiction-sudan:jurisdiction-united-arab-emirates:origin-declared-2024Period2024UnittValue22.92
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

SourceChatham HouseOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedSwissaid

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromTogoJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasisinvestigativeClaimantdestination-reportedIndicatorreported-importPeriodreport currency (Swissaid, fetched)UnittValue52
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

SourceSwissaidOrigingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

receives gold flows fromSources namedUN Group of Experts (cited in Enough Project report)

The source rates this claim contested. The hub holds one side of it: no second claim on the same point has been landed.

receives gold flows fromUgandaJurisdiction / administrative areaContested
As reportedBasiscomtrade-mirrorClaimantdestination-reportedIndicatorreported-importPeriodcirca 2011-2012
Evidence

Sources disagree. The hub publishes each claim with its own source and forms no combined answer.

  • Locatorpassage on the cited page (period as stated: circa 2011-2012) — reference as stated by the source: n/a (UN Group of Experts, Final Report per Security Council resolution 1952 (2011), para.553, cited in Enough Project "Striking Gold" endnote 88)Documentrecord:gold-flow-flow-0276 · externalQuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceUN Group of Experts (cited in Enough Project report)Origingold-hubObserved2026-09Asserted2026-09-07

Relationships

Showing 22 of 22

Where a source does not establish that a relationship continues, its present status is undetermined. An absent end date is not evidence that it is current.

Geography21

location ofAl Barsha DMCCTrader / exporter / intermediarySingle source
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

  • LocatorIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Documentrecord:impact-the-intermediaries-2020 · externalLinkimpacttransform.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-Intermediarie QuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Origingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

location ofAl Etihad Gold Refinery DMCCRefinery / smelterRegistry fact
As reported
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceMicrosoft Corporation — Conflict Minerals Report for 2024 Reporting Year, Appendix AOrigingold-hubObserved2024Asserted2026-08-29

location ofAl Haitham DMCCTrader / exporter / intermediarySingle source
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

  • LocatorIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Documentrecord:impact-the-intermediaries-2020 · externalLinkimpacttransform.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-Intermediarie QuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Origingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

location ofAL ZUMOROUD AND AL YAQOOT GOLD & JEWELLERS TRADING L.L.C.Trader / exporter / intermediaryRegistry fact
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceOFAC Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) List, US Department of the TreasuryOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

location ofAlain Francois Viviane GOETZTrader / exporter / intermediaryRegistry fact
As reportedPrecisionUK Sanctions List `Country` field
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceUK Sanctions ListOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-22

location ofAlain GOETZTrader / exporter / intermediaryRegistry fact
As reportedPrecisionUK Sanctions List `Country` field
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceUK Sanctions ListOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-22

location ofAlen GOZTrader / exporter / intermediaryRegistry fact
As reportedPrecisionUK Sanctions List `Country` field
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceUK Sanctions ListOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-22

location ofAlfa Gold Corp DMCCTrader / exporter / intermediarySingle source
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

  • LocatorIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Documentrecord:impact-the-intermediaries-2020 · externalLinkimpacttransform.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-Intermediarie QuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Origingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

location ofBLACK GOLD PLUS ENERGIES TRADING L.L.CTrader / exporter / intermediaryRegistry fact
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceOFAC Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) List, US Department of the TreasuryOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

location ofCavichi Jewellery LLCTrader / exporter / intermediarySingle source
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

  • LocatorIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Documentrecord:impact-the-intermediaries-2020 · externalLinkimpacttransform.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-Intermediarie QuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Origingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

location ofDMCC Business CentreTrader / exporter / intermediarySingle source
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

  • LocatorIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Documentrecord:impact-the-intermediaries-2020 · externalLinkimpacttransform.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-Intermediarie QuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Origingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

location ofFIZA GOLD AND BULLION TRADING L.L.CTrader / exporter / intermediaryRegistry fact
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceOFAC Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) List, US Department of the TreasuryOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

location ofGOETZ GOLD LLCTrader / exporter / intermediaryRegistry fact
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceOFAC Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) List, US Department of the TreasuryOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

location ofKalotiRefinery / smelterSingle source
As reported
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

  • LocatorGlobal Witness — Beneath the Shine: A Tale of Two Gold Refiners (July 2020), reproduced by martellorisk.comDocumentrecord:value-chain-round4-2026-08-29 · externalLinkmartellorisk.com/gold_drug_money-2-2/ QuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceGlobal WitnessOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-08-29

location ofMotiwala JewellersTrader / exporter / intermediarySingle source
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

  • LocatorIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Documentrecord:impact-the-intermediaries-2020 · externalLinkimpacttransform.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-Intermediarie QuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Origingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

location ofOlive Touch General Trading LLCTrader / exporter / intermediarySingle source
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

  • LocatorIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Documentrecord:impact-the-intermediaries-2020 · externalLinkimpacttransform.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-Intermediarie QuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Origingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

location ofPREMIER GOLD REFINERY LLCTrader / exporter / intermediaryRegistry fact
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceOFAC Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) List, US Department of the TreasuryOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

location ofSHAMS GOLD TRADING FZETrader / exporter / intermediaryRegistry fact
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One authoritative register is the bar for this kind of claim. Published as shown, cited and dated.

SourceOFAC Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) List, US Department of the TreasuryOrigingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

location ofTrade 50 Commodity DMCCTrader / exporter / intermediarySingle source
As reportedPrecisioncountry
Evidence

One source states this, and it is labelled as one source.

  • LocatorIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Documentrecord:impact-the-intermediaries-2020 · externalLinkimpacttransform.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-Intermediarie QuoteHeld, display gated pending the permissions review.

SourceIMPACT, 'The Intermediaries: Traders Who Threaten the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Efforts for Conflict-Free Gold' (September 2020)Origingold-hubAsserted2026-09-05

Events and evidence1

Attributes
Framework status cahra-transitcontextCorroborated
As reported
Evidence

Two or more independent sources state this.

Sourcehttps://www.moet.gov.ae/en/diligence-regulations-for-responsible-sourcing-of-goldOrigingold-hubObserved2026-07Asserted2026-08-20

Framework status fatf-dnfbpcontextCorroborated
As reported
Evidence

Two or more independent sources state this.

Sourcehttps://www.moet.gov.ae/en/diligence-regulations-for-responsible-sourcing-of-goldOrigingold-hubObserved2026-07Asserted2026-08-20

Framework status oecd-mandatory-sourcingin-forceCorroborated
As reported
Evidence

Two or more independent sources state this.

Sourcehttps://www.moet.gov.ae/en/diligence-regulations-for-responsible-sourcing-of-goldOrigingold-hubObserved2026-07Asserted2026-08-20

Framework status oecd-tradersin-forceCorroborated
As reported
Evidence

Two or more independent sources state this.

Sourcehttps://www.moet.gov.ae/en/diligence-regulations-for-responsible-sourcing-of-goldOrigingold-hubObserved2026-07Asserted2026-08-20

What the hub does not hold
  • No tenure and control claim is held for this entry.
  • No chain of custody claim is held for this entry.
  • No governance and compliance claim is held for this entry.
  • No participation and support claim is held for this entry.
  • No register identifier (RUC, NIT, cadastre code or equivalent) is held for this entry.

Not shown · SequenceFewer than two dated claims are held, so there is no sequence to read.

Not shown · Also namedNo source has used a different name string for this entry.

Not shown · Register identifiersNo register identifier is held for this entry.

Where this entry comes from